Methodology of substantiation of rational composition and operation speed mode of machine units

Abstract

In the article the technique of substantiation of rational composition and speed modes of operation of machine aggregates for performance of technological operations in growing of crop production is presented.
The conclusion about the correct choice of a particular composition of the unit is necessary taking into account the maneuvering characteristics of the tractor and the kinematic parameters of the working machine. The value of the coupling coefficients of the leading machine with the soil and the rolling resistance for various agrophones play an important role in the selection of speed mode of operation, which in turn aims to increase productivity, reduce fuel costs and improve the quality of technological operations in plant production. Also, a science-based approach to the choice of composition of the unit makes it possible to reduce labor costs and increase the technical and economic efficiency of the use of machine-tractor units. In many cases, the speed determined by the tractor's energy saturation cannot be realized due to agro-technological or physiological constraints. Economic constraints on machine unit speed are due to changes in energy costs for the process, operational reliability of machines within the unit, and some deterioration in the use of change times. In each case, the speed modes should be specified taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of soils, the state of the field surface, the phases of plant development, soil moisture and other factors that affect the quality of work.
Compliance with the parameters of the unit, especially the production conditions - is a prerequisite for high performance of the unit. With the increase in the width of the grip of the unit proportionally increases its productivity, and for sowing machines, sprayers and a number of others - the quality of work is improved, due to the reduction of the area of the field exposed to the running systems, the number of butt rows decreases, the conditions of technological maintenance of the unit are improved and its maintenance.