Selection of informative parameters of acoustic emission for determining the speed of wear in a tribosystem at transitional modes

Abstract

Hammer crushers is one of the common types of crushing equipment that performs crushing and grinding operations, mainly of brittle materials
One of the important factors that affect the reliability and durability of both mechanical equipment and the entire technological complex is technical, which affects the performance and power consumed – it is high-frequency dynamic vibrations, namely – vibration, it is – imbalance.
The vibration of the rotor increases with time and adversely affects the rollers, the electric motor and the crusher itself as a whole, which leads to a decrease in reliability and, consequently, to a risk of breakage, which in turn leads to an increased likelihood of equipment failure.
One of the objectives of this study is to present a method of analysis and visualization, determination and detection of the values of a negative technological factor – the vibration of rotating elements, which can be caused by: a poor design of both the rotor and the crusher in general; errors in the manufacture and installation of the rotor and hammers; uneven wear of work or support elements.
To analyze and understand the effects of vibration on the support elements (rollers) of the crusher, it was necessary to predict the magnitude of the force caused by the unbalance of the rotor and to calculate the weight of the load for balancing, which will be achieved through research conducted on the basis of a bench to investigate the operation of the hammer crusher and optimization of the parameters and modes of crushing of the crushing equipment required for crushing Ni-Al intermetallides.
As the centrifugal force changes direction during the 3600 rotation, the maximum and minimum forces and, accordingly, reactions were determined. Maximum reactions occur when the center of gravity and the axis of rotation are on the same horizontal.
Carrying out the calculations - graphs of visualization of the reactions of the supports in the vertical plane and horizontal, which allow to see the cyclicality of the process of dynamic loading on the supports of the rotor and that the shaft seeks to describe the oval trajectory. Also set: maximum load values during the rotation of the crusher rotor by calculation: at the existing dimensions, technical capacities and dimensions of the rotor, the maximum load that the supports will experience is 49,64 N in the XOZ plane and 27,64 N in the XOY plane; and this is without taking into account the additional load that will be added when crushing from the collision of pieces of material for crushing with rotor hammers.