The device for eliminating the freezing of bulk material or the destruction of its arch

Abstract

The question of the steady supply of bulk materials to the chopper, ensuring self-regulation of the grain transportation to the grinding chamber, and quick changeover of the machine at its high process ability is considered. Analysis of the research revealed the urgency of unloading bulk materials problem from the tank, as a result of arching, freezing, caking, unsteady flowing and other factors that cause the process disruption and cause the manual operation usage. To solve the problem and determine the design, the main components were modeled in a graphic editor, an electrical schematic diagram was proposed, and drawings were developed, in accordance with it a prototype was designed for testing under laboratory conditions. The ATmega328 microcontroller was used as a control unit and is mounted on the Arduino board Nano. The hammer crusher with bunker loading was upgraded to increase reliability and reduce energy consumption, and to ensure safe operation of the bulk materials dispenser due to its configuration with a mechatronic device. The mechatronic device includes a light source, a photocell, a control unit, a compact electric drive, a piercing element, and a light and / or sound alarm unit. The algorithm for removing congestion loose material or destruction of its arch is set. It is noted that the frequency of controlling the material movement through the silo neck is 1 ... 1000 times per second. The proposed design of the crusher allows ensuring the high level of operational manufacturability due to the use of mechatronic devices to ensure the elimination of freezing bulk material or the destruction of its arch in the mouth of the bunker in a short period. Reducing the energy intensity of the crusher due to a change in the mode of operation of the drive and / or its deactivation upon completion of the grinding of bulk material. The algorithm of the device provides high-quality control of the movement of bulk material, the conditions and the order of operation of the device. The criteria for the choice of the element base are substantiated; possible directions for the improvement of the developed device are indicated. The proposed design performance and the effectiveness of its work is experimentally determined. The proposed design is easy to manufacture and has high reliability and small size at low cost. Furthermore, introducing of this or similar or mechatronic systems also gives advantages such as high quality implementation of complex and precise movements of the actuators due to the use of intelligent control methods; possibility of remote monitoring and control of equipment operation modes; the ability to integrate functional modules into complex systems and complexes for specific customer tasks.