Structural-energy model of energy conversion under conditions of abnormally low friction and wear

Abstract

The effective method of reducing friction and wear in various tribosystems is now known as the results of the tri-modification of the surface layer. The purpose of such tribodomodification is the creation of the most favorable conditions of microcontact quasielastic interaction that occurs at the level of microrelief. Consideration of quasi-elastic interaction from the position of nonequilibrium thermodynamics has allowed many authors to put forward the hypothesis that quasi-elastic interaction can be an anti-dissipative factor, which leads to the degeneration of accumulated internal energy from the tribosystem. Among these factors, the main contribution comes from the kinetic (wave) component of the frictional force, which is formed with a difference in braking rates with molecular-mechanical interaction and slipping when accelerating them. The article presents the rheological and structural conditions of the transformation of the external energy as a result of the contact interaction of the roughness of the surface layer of the tribosystem, one of which is presented as a quasi-solid body in the second surface layer of a quasi-elastic representation of the Schwedov rheological model. The purpose of this work was to develop a structural energy model for energy conversion under conditions of abnormally low friction and wear, which makes it possible to develop recommendations for the structural modification of the surface layer of real tribosystems in order to increase their resource indicators and efficiency. The conducted studies have shown that the main reason for the transition of tribosystems to abnormal friction and wear is the rheological properties of the surface layer. The analysis of the contact interaction of roughness on the model of a solid body in the form of interatomic bonds gave an opportunity to estimate the elasticity of the energy that is released when the bonds break down as a result of the slipping of the microhardness. It makes up one quarter of the amount of energy that is spent on overcoming frictional forces. The evaluation of the interaction as a Markov process with two bilateral states (decay and recovery) allowed us to obtain the mathematical dependence of the generalized component of the impulse of force on the contact point from the contact energy in the coupling state and the parameter of the distribution of contact spots by the modulus of the canonical energy distribution along the contact line (surface). The main condition for the transition of abnormally low friction and wear is the formation on the friction surface of a certain gradient of physical and mechanical properties, which are described by the Shvedov rheological model. By optimizing the rheological construction of the surface layer of real tribosystems, it was possible to achieve conditions when the dissipative volume in the contact interaction is capable of transforming (scattering) the energy of the external motion inversely. Practically managed to realize the "ideal" conditions of dissipation of external energy supplied by the wave channel and avoid the process of wear in the tribosystem and get rid of external friction. This technology can be attributed to the category of resource-saving with a high degree of energy efficiency. The presence of external gravity of the wave component shows a significant difference between the molecular and mechanical components of the friction force.